Rent Laws in Karachi (Pakistan)
Rent Laws in Karachi (Pakistan) MAJ LEGAL • BARRISTERS | ADVOCATES & LEGAL CONSULTANTS • KARACHI Rent Laws in Karachi Pakistan, a complete guide to the Sindh Rented Premises Ordinance 1979 by MAJ Legal, the best Rent law firm in Karachi Karachi runs on rent. From a two-bedroom flat in Gulshan-e-Iqbal to a showroom on Tariq Road, a warehouse in SITE or a bungalow in Defence, a very large share of this city’s property is occupied by somebody who does not own it. And wherever there is rent, there is dispute — over increases, over arrears, over repairs, over who is entitled to stay and who must go. The law that decides most of those disputes is the Sindh Rented Premises Ordinance, 1979 (Sindh Ordinance No. XVII of 1979), in force since 21 November 1979. It is a short statute — twenty-seven sections — but it is unforgiving of parties who do not understand it. Landlords lose years of possession because they filed on the wrong ground. Tenants lose their homes and shops in a single hearing because they missed a deposit by a few days. At MAJ Legal, Advocates & Legal Consultants, we act for both landlords and tenants before the Rent Controllers of Karachi East, West, South, Central, Malir and Korangi, and in First Rent Appeals before the District Courts. This guide sets out how rent law actually works in Karachi — the statutory rules, the procedure, the traps, and what overseas Pakistanis in particular need to do to protect a rented-out property from six thousand miles away. Which Rent Law Applies to Your Karachi Property? Before anything else, establish which statute governs your premises. This single question decides which forum you file in, and getting it wrong costs months. Comparison of the Sindh Rented Premises Ordinance 1979 and the Cantonments Rent Restriction Act 1963 for Karachi properties The Sindh Rented Premises Ordinance, 1979 applies to all premises situated within an urban area — defined as an area within the jurisdiction of a Town Committee, Municipal Committee, Municipal Corporation or Metropolitan Corporation — other than premises owned or requisitioned by the Federal or Provincial Government. That covers the overwhelming majority of Karachi: Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Gulistan-e-Johar, North Nazimabad, Nazimabad, Saddar, Lyari, Korangi, Landhi, and the town areas of Malir. The Cantonments Rent Restriction Act, 1963 is a separate federal statute governing buildings inside cantonment limits. In Karachi that means DHA and Clifton Cantonment, Karachi Cantonment, Faisal Cantonment, Malir Cantonment and Korangi Creek Cantonment. These areas have their own Controller of Rents and Additional Controller of Rents, and the appellate route has historically differed — rent appeals from cantonment Controllers in Karachi have been heard by the High Court of Sindh rather than the District Judge. Because forum questions in cantonment matters have shifted over time, confirm the current position before filing. Note also that the Sindh Government retains a power, under section 3(2), to exclude any class of premises, or all premises in any area, from the operation of all or any provisions of the Ordinance by notification. If you are unsure which side of a cantonment boundary your property sits on, that is precisely the kind of question the top property lawyers in Karachi resolve in an hour rather than discovering after a year of wasted litigation. Who Counts as a Landlord, a Tenant, and What Counts as “Premises” Section 2 of the Ordinance defines the vocabulary, and each definition does real work in litigation. “Landlord” means the owner of the premises and includes any person who is for the time being authorised or entitled to receive rent. An attorney collecting rent for an overseas owner, a manager of an estate, or a co-owner receiving rent can all fall within it. “Tenant” means any person who undertakes or is bound to pay rent as consideration for possession or occupation. Critically, it also includes a person who continues in possession after the tenancy has terminated — the “statutory tenant” — and the heirs of a deceased tenant who remain in possession. This is why a landlord cannot simply say “the lease expired, therefore you are a trespasser.” An expired tenancy does not end the Ordinance’s protection. “Premises” means a building or land let out on rent, but expressly does not include a hotel. Litigation has turned on whether a converted property is a hotel or a restaurant, since the answer determines whether the Rent Controller has jurisdiction at all. “Rent” is defined to include water charges, electricity charges and other charges payable by the tenant but unpaid — so a default in utility payments the tenant was contractually bound to pay can form part of a rent default. “Personal use” means use by the owner or the owner’s wife (or husband), son or daughter. This narrow definition matters enormously in bona fide personal-need cases. The Tenancy Agreement: Section 5 and Why Oral Tenancies Cause Chaos Section 5 requires that the agreement by which a landlord lets out premises shall be in writing. If the agreement is not compulsorily registrable under any other law, it must be attested — signed and sealed — by the Controller within whose jurisdiction the premises are situated, or by a Civil Judge or a First-Class Magistrate. Where the agreement is compulsorily registrable, a certified copy of the registered deed is what gets produced. Where it is not, the original attested deed is produced and accepted as proof of the landlord–tenant relationship. In practice, a great many Karachi tenancies are documented on a plain stamp paper that was never attested, and a good number are purely oral. This does not automatically destroy a case. The superior courts have held that the relationship of landlord and tenant may be proved by other means recognised by law, and that the mere absence of a written tenancy agreement is not by itself sufficient to dismiss an ejectment application. But it converts what should be a documentary case into a contested evidentiary one, adding a year
Online Legal Services for Overseas Pakistanis in Karachi
Online Legal Services for Overseas Pakistanis in Karachi By MAJ Legal, Barristers Advocates & Legal Consultants, recognized among the best law firms in Karachi for overseas Pakistani legal matters. If you are a Pakistani living in Dubai, London, Toronto, New York, Riyadh, Jeddah, Manchester, Melbourne Doha or Europe, and you have a property sitting in Karachi, a family matter pending before a Family Court, an inheritance that has not been distributed, or a tenant who has stopped paying rent, you already know the central problem: your legal life is in Pakistan, but you are not. Taking three weeks off work, buying a ticket, and sitting outside a courtroom in Saddar hoping your case is called is not a strategy. It is an expensive gamble. Yet thousands of overseas Pakistanis do exactly that every year and many return home abroad with nothing resolved because a single document was not attested, or an adjournment pushed the hearing past their departure date. This guide explains how online legal services for overseas Pakistanis in Karachi actually work in practice: what can genuinely be handled remotely, what still requires a physical presence, the exact documents you need, the statutes that govern each matter, and how to protect yourself from the fraud that disproportionately targets the diaspora. MAJ Legal is a Karachi-based firm structured specifically around remote clients. As one of the top law firms in Karachi handling overseas matters, our practice is built on a simple premise: with a correctly drafted Power of Attorney and disciplined case management, an overseas Pakistani should almost never need to travel to Pakistan for litigation. Table of Contents Why Overseas Pakistanis Need a Karachi-Based Legal Team How Online Legal Representation Actually Works Power of Attorney: The Foundation of Everything Family Law Matters for Overseas Pakistanis Property and Real Estate Disputes Inheritance and Succession Matters Landlord and Tenant Disputes in Karachi Civil, Commercial and Recovery Litigation Criminal Matters and FIR-Related Issues Corporate, Business and Investment Legal Services Documentation, Attestation and Apostille Do You Have to Travel? Video Link, Exemptions and the Overseas Cell Red Flags: How Overseas Pakistanis Get Defrauded Realistic Timelines and Costs Why Choose MAJ Legal Frequently Asked Questions 1. Why Overseas Pakistanis Need a Karachi-Based Legal Team Karachi is not merely another city on the map of Pakistani litigation. It is the country’s commercial capital, the seat of the High Court of Sindh at its Principal Seat, the location of the largest concentration of civil and family courts in Sindh, and the jurisdiction where the majority of diaspora-owned residential and commercial property in the province is situated from DHA and Clifton to Gulshan-e-Iqbal, North Nazimabad, Bahria Town Karachi, Scheme 33, Malir and Gadap. Distance creates a specific and predictable set of vulnerabilities: Property is occupied or sold behind your back. Vacant plots and locked flats belonging to overseas owners are the single most common target of qabza (land grabbing) groups in Karachi. Relatives quietly assume control of inherited estates. A father passes away; the estate is never formally distributed; one sibling resident in Karachi collects rents, mutates records, and treats the property as his own. Family cases are filed and decided ex parte. A suit for maintenance, custody or dissolution of marriage is instituted; summons are served on an old Karachi address; you never learn of it until an execution notice arrives. Tenants stop paying and cannot be removed. Without an active Rent Controller case, a defaulting tenant in Karachi can occupy premises for years. Forged Powers of Attorney are used to transfer title. This is not rare. It is one of the most frequent frauds encountered by property lawyers in Karachi acting for overseas clients. Every one of these risks is manageable — but only with a lawyer physically present in Karachi, filing on time, appearing at every hearing, and monitoring the court diary. That is the function an online legal service performs. You supply instructions and documents from abroad; a top-rated law firm in Karachi executes on the ground. 2. How Online Legal Representation Actually Works Prospective clients frequently ask whether “online legal services” means anything more than an email address. At a properly structured firm, it is a defined workflow. Step 1: Remote Consultation An initial consultation is conducted by video call (Zoom, Google Meet, WhatsApp) or voice call, scheduled around your time zone early morning Karachi time for North America, evening for the Gulf and UK. You describe the matter; the lawyer identifies the correct forum, the applicable law, the limitation period, and the evidence you will need. Step 2: Document Review You share scans of what you hold — title documents, Nikahnama, CNIC/NICOP, death certificate, rent agreement, prior correspondence. These are reviewed before any advice on strategy is given. A significant portion of overseas matters turn out to be stronger or weaker than the client assumed once the actual documents are examined. Step 3: Execution of a Power of Attorney This is the pivot point. A Special Power of Attorney is drafted by the firm, sent to you abroad, executed and attested (see Section 3), and couriered or digitally issued to Pakistan. Once it is in place, your lawyer can lawfully act for you in every respect the instrument permits. Step 4: Filing and Prosecution Pleadings are drafted, vetted with you, and filed. Court fees are paid. Your lawyer appears at each hearing. In Karachi, cause lists and case status for the High Court of Sindh and District Courts are available online, allowing verifiable tracking. Step 5: Structured Reporting You receive written updates after each hearing — what happened, what was ordered, the next date, and what is required from you. Copies of every filed document and every order are shared in a shared folder. This is the operating model of the best law firms in Karachi for overseas clients, and it is what distinguishes professional representation from an individual who takes a fee and then stops answering messages. Figure 1: The five-step remote engagement process at MAJ
Family Cases for Overseas Pakistanis in Karachi (Pakistan)
Family Cases for Overseas Pakistanis in Karachi: The Complete Legal Guide By MAJ Legal Barristers | Advocates & Legal Consultants, Karachi Living in Dubai, London, Toronto, Jeddah or New York does not put your family matters beyond the reach of Pakistani law — and it does not put Pakistani remedies beyond your reach either. Every year, thousands of overseas Pakistanis need a khula decreed, maintenance enforced, custody of a child settled, a guardian certificate issued or a dowry recovered — and almost all of them assume they must book a flight to Karachi to make it happen. They don’t. A properly drafted power of attorney, an experienced advocate and a correctly framed plaint will carry your case from filing to decree while you continue working abroad. As a family law firm in Karachi that acts for overseas clients across the Gulf, Europe, North America and Australia, MAJ Legal has built its practice around exactly this problem: how to obtain a real, enforceable, NADRA-registered outcome in a Pakistani family court for a client who is eight time zones away. This guide covers the whole of the family law field as it applies to non-resident Pakistanis — jurisdiction, khula, talaq, maintenance, dower, dowry, custody, guardianship, visitation, child-removal risk, recognition of foreign decrees and the practical mechanics of running a case by proxy. It is written for the person actually living the problem, not for a law library. Why Karachi Family Courts Matter to Overseas Pakistanis Karachi is the country’s largest city and, for a very large share of the diaspora, the place where the nikah was registered, where the wife’s family lives, where the disputed property sits, or where the children are currently residing. That is why the Family Courts of Karachi — sitting in the City Courts complex and in the district courts of Karachi East, West, South, Central, Korangi, Malir and Keamari — hear a disproportionate volume of overseas matters. There are four recurring situations: The husband works abroad; the wife and children remain in Karachi. The wife sues for maintenance, dissolution or custody, and the husband must defend from overseas. The wife has moved abroad after marriage and wants to dissolve a marriage that was solemnised in Karachi and remains registered there. Both spouses live abroad, but the marriage was contracted in Pakistan, the dower is unpaid, and one party wants a Pakistani decree recognised by NADRA. A child has been brought to Karachi by one parent, and the parent overseas needs custody, visitation or a restraint on further removal. Each of these raises a different jurisdictional question, and getting that question wrong at the filing stage is the single most common reason an overseas case collapses months later. Engaging the best family lawyers in Karachi at the outset is not an indulgence; it is what prevents a decree from being set aside on appeal for want of jurisdiction. The Legal Framework: Which Laws Actually Govern Your Case Figure 1 — Family matters overseas Pakistanis can pursue in the Family Courts of Karachi. Pakistani family law is not a single code. An overseas family matter in Karachi will usually engage several instruments at once: Instrument What it governs Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961 Talaq procedure (s.7), khula and dissolution registration, polygamy permission (s.6), maintenance references to the Arbitration Council (s.9), succession of orphaned grandchildren (s.4) Family Courts Act, 1964 (as applied in Sindh) Constitution and jurisdiction of Family Courts, procedure, interim maintenance (s.17-A), six-month disposal requirement (s.12-A), appeals (s.14) West Pakistan Family Courts Rules, 1965 Territorial jurisdiction (Rule 6), form of the plaint, service of summons Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939 The statutory grounds on which a wife may seek dissolution (s.2), including cruelty, non-maintenance for two years, imprisonment, impotence and failure to perform marital obligations for three years Guardians and Wards Act, 1890 Appointment of guardians of the person and property of a minor; guardian certificates Dowry and Bridal Gifts (Restriction) Act, 1976 Limits on dowry and the basis for recovery of listed articles Sindh Child Marriages Restraint Act, 2013 Minimum marriage age of 18 in Sindh for both parties — stricter than the federal position Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 Applied selectively — including s.133 exemption from personal appearance, relevant to overseas litigants Sindh Protection Against Harassment / Domestic Violence legislation Protection orders, residence orders and restraint of harassment where family violence is alleged A firm that describes itself among the top law firms in Karachi should be able to tell you within a first consultation which of these apply to your facts and which do not. Half of the anxiety overseas clients carry is caused by advice that mixes up, for example, the Union Council’s role under section 7 with the Family Court’s role under the 1964 Act. They are separate processes with separate timelines. Jurisdiction: Can a Karachi Family Court Hear Your Case at All? This is the threshold question, and it deserves care. Under Rule 6 of the West Pakistan Family Courts Rules, 1965, a Family Court has jurisdiction where: the cause of action wholly or in part arose within its local limits; or the parties reside or last resided together within those limits; and the proviso: in suits for dissolution of marriage or dower, the court within whose local limits the wife ordinarily resides also has jurisdiction. That proviso is the gateway most overseas cases pass through. It is also the one most frequently abused — and superior courts have noticed. The “ordinarily resides” trap Courts have consistently held that “ordinarily resides” describes a genuine, settled pattern of residence — not a fleeting stay. Where a wife living permanently in the United Kingdom entered Pakistan for a matter of weeks and instituted a dissolution suit on the basis of that visit, the decree was held to be without jurisdiction: temporary presence does not vest a Pakistani Family Court with authority. At the same time, the concept is read sympathetically for the estranged wife who has genuinely left
Khula, Maintenance and Custody of Child for Overseas Pakistanis in Karachi
Khula, Maintenance and Custody of Minors for Overseas Pakistanis in Karachi Every year, thousands of Pakistanis living in Dubai, Jeddah, London, Toronto, New York, Melbourne and Europe find themselves facing a painful reality: a marriage that has broken down back home, children they cannot reach, and a legal system that feels a continent away. The questions are almost always the same. Can I file for khula from abroad? Will I have to fly to Karachi for every hearing? Can I claim maintenance for my children from an ex-husband who lives overseas? Will a Pakistani court give me custody of my minor children if I live in another country? The short answer is reassuring. Pakistani family law does not require your physical presence for most of the proceedings. With a properly drafted Special Power of Attorney and the right representation, an overseas Pakistani can file for khula, obtain a maintenance decree and pursue custody or visitation rights before the Family Courts in Karachi without ever boarding a flight. This guide, prepared by MAJ Legal — recognised among the best family law firms in Karachi explains exactly how these three interconnected claims work, what documents you need, how long each stage takes, and where overseas clients most often go wrong. If you are searching for the best family lawyers in Karachi to handle a cross-border matrimonial dispute, this article will help you understand your position before you pick up the phone. Why Overseas Pakistanis Face a Harder Road Distance changes everything in a family law dispute. An overseas client typically has: No physical access to evidence. The Nikahnama sits in a cupboard in Karachi. Bank statements, school records and medical reports are in someone else’s possession. A time-zone problem. Court hearings in Karachi are listed at times that may fall in the middle of the night wherever you live. Communication breakdown. The opposing party knows you cannot simply appear, and often exploits that fact by delaying proceedings. Fear of losing contact with the children. In custody matters, delay is not neutral — every month a minor spends exclusively with one parent shifts the practical status quo. Uncertainty about who to trust. Many overseas Pakistanis hand their case to a distant relative rather than a professional, and lose years to mismanagement. None of these problems is insurmountable. All of them require a family law firm in Karachi that is genuinely set up for overseas representation with proper client reporting, digital document handling and the willingness to explain each order as it is passed. That is precisely the gap MAJ Legal was built to fill. The Legal Framework: Which Laws Govern Your Case Before looking at procedure, it helps to know which statutes the Family Court in Karachi will actually apply. Khula, maintenance and custody are governed by different laws, even though they are usually litigated together. The Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939 sets out, in Section 2, the grounds on which a Muslim wife may seek judicial dissolution of her marriage — including desertion, failure to maintain, cruelty, imprisonment of the husband, failure to perform marital obligations, and impotence. The West Pakistan Family Courts Act, 1964 is the procedural backbone. It gives Family Courts exclusive jurisdiction over dissolution of marriage including khula, dower, dowry articles, maintenance, custody and guardianship. It also contains Section 17-A, which allows the court to fix interim maintenance while the suit is pending — an enormously important provision for a wife or mother with no income. The Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961 governs what happens after the decree: the notice to the Chairman of the Union Council, the iddat period, and the issuance of the divorce certificate through NADRA. The Guardians and Wards Act, 1890 regulates custody and guardianship of minors. Sections 7, 12, 17 and 25 give the court power to appoint a guardian, to pass interim custody and visitation orders, and to return a minor to lawful custody — always subject to the paramount consideration of the child’s welfare. The Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 matters enormously to overseas clients. Article 95 provides that a document purporting to be a power of attorney executed before and authenticated by a Notary Public, a Court, a Magistrate or a Pakistani consular officer is presumed to have been duly executed and authenticated. This is the legal foundation on which remote representation rests. Khula for Overseas Pakistani Women What is Khula? Khula is the right of a Muslim wife to have her marriage dissolved by the court where she satisfies the judge that she cannot live with her husband within the limits prescribed by Allah. It is not the same as talaq, which is the husband’s unilateral pronouncement. Khula is a judicial remedy it requires a suit, a hearing, and a decree. Critically, khula does not require you to prove misconduct. A wife who simply cannot continue in the marriage is entitled to a decree. What she must ordinarily do in exchange is return the haq mehr (dower) she received, or such other consideration as the court considers just. Where the dower was never actually paid, there is often nothing to return. Many overseas clients confuse khula with dissolution on fault grounds under the 1939 Act. In practice, the best family lawyers in Karachi will often plead both dissolution on statutory grounds and, in the alternative, khula — so that the suit succeeds even if the fault allegations are not fully proved. Where the suit is filed Territorial jurisdiction is one of the first questions in an overseas case. Under the Family Courts Rules, a suit for dissolution of marriage, dower or maintenance may generally be instituted where the wife ordinarily resides. Where the wife is living abroad, Karachi courts commonly take jurisdiction on the basis of her last ordinary residence in Karachi, or on the basis of the husband’s residence there. Because a wrong forum wastes months, this is a point your lawyer should settle in writing before drafting the plaint. The step-by-step process The sequence is predictable, and
Overseas Pakistani Property Disputes Resolution in Karachi
Overseas Pakistani Property Disputes Resolution in Karachi (Pakistan) Every year, thousands of Pakistanis living in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Europe or any other country discover that the plot, flat, shop or family house they own in Karachi has been occupied, sold, transferred or mutated without their knowledge. Distance is the single biggest vulnerability an overseas property owner has — and in a city the size of Karachi, that vulnerability is regularly exploited. The reassuring news is that Pakistani law gives the overseas owner strong, specific and enforceable remedies. Illegal occupation is not merely a civil wrong in Pakistan; it is a criminal offence. A sale carried out on a forged power of attorney is void, not merely voidable. An heir living abroad does not lose an inheritance share by being absent. And, critically, almost the entire process can be run from overseas through a properly executed and registered power of attorney, without the owner ever boarding a flight. This guide, prepared by MAJ Legal, recognised among the best property law firms in Karachi sets out exactly how overseas Pakistani property disputes are resolved in Karachi: the disputes that arise most often, the statutes that apply, the courts that hear them, the step-by-step filing procedure from abroad, the remedies available, the limitation deadlines that quietly kill strong cases, and the preventive measures every non-resident owner should have in place. Why Overseas Pakistanis Are the Most Targeted Property Owners in Karachi Property disputes affect every category of owner in Pakistan, but non-resident owners face a distinct risk profile. Understanding why the risk exists is the first step to defeating it. The property is physically unattended. A locked flat in Gulshan-e-Iqbal or an empty plot in Scheme 33 signals to opportunists that nobody is watching. Encroachment often begins quietly — a boundary wall, a temporary structure, a “caretaker” who moves his family in. Trust is placed in relatives without documentation. A brother, cousin or family friend is asked to “look after” the property. Years pass. No written arrangement exists. When the owner finally asserts title, the caretaker claims an oral gift, a family settlement or long possession. Powers of attorney are drafted too widely. A general power of attorney given for the limited purpose of paying utility bills is later used to execute a sale deed. Because the document on its face conferred broad authority, unwinding the transaction becomes a litigation exercise rather than an administrative one. Delay is mistaken for patience. Owners abroad often wait years hoping the family will resolve matters amicably. Meanwhile limitation periods run, the occupant builds a claim of adverse possession, and the property changes hands to a purchaser who will claim to be a bona fide buyer without notice. Karachi’s land record is fragmented. Title in Karachi may sit with the Sub-Registrar, the Karachi Development Authority, the Malir Development Authority, the Lyari Development Authority, a cantonment board, DHA, or one of hundreds of cooperative housing societies — each with its own transfer file. Fragmentation creates gaps, and gaps are where fraud lives. None of these problems is unsolvable. Each one, however, is significantly cheaper to fix early. That is why engaging the top property lawyers in Karachi at the first sign of trouble — rather than after a third-party sale — materially changes the outcome. The Most Common Property Disputes Faced by Overseas Pakistanis in Karachi Common property disputes faced by overseas Pakistanis in Karachi — illegal occupation, fake power of attorney, inheritance and benami claims” 1. Illegal Occupation and Qabza This is the classic case. A tenant stops paying rent and refuses to vacate; a caretaker asserts ownership; or an organised group occupies a vacant plot and erects a structure overnight. Pakistani law treats this seriously. Under the Illegal Dispossession Act, 2005, entering into or remaining in possession of another’s immovable property unlawfully and with dishonest intent is a criminal offence carrying imprisonment of up to ten years and a fine, in addition to liability to compensate the owner. Crucially, the trial court can order restoration of possession to the lawful owner — including through an interim order while the case is still pending. 2. Sale on a Fake, Expired or Revoked Power of Attorney An attorney sells the property after the authority has been revoked, after the principal has died (which automatically terminates the agency), or on the strength of an outright forgery bearing a fabricated consular attestation. Pakistani courts construe powers of attorney strictly: an attorney authorised to manage or lease has no authority to sell, and a transaction beyond the four corners of the instrument confers no title on the purchaser. 3. Fraudulent Sale and Double Transfer The same plot is sold to two or more buyers, or a sale deed is manufactured on forged signatures and thumb impressions. These matters typically require a combined approach — a civil suit for declaration and cancellation of the instrument, alongside a criminal complaint for forgery and cheating. 4. Inheritance and Legal Heir Disputes A parent dies in Karachi. The heirs living in Pakistan take control of the estate, distribute it informally, and the sibling abroad is told there was “nothing left” or that the property was gifted before death. Under Islamic law as applied in Pakistan, inheritance vests in the heirs immediately upon death, and an overseas heir’s share does not lapse through absence. A gift (hiba) asserted against an heir must be proved by offer, acceptance and delivery of possession — a standard that oral, undocumented gifts frequently fail to meet. 5. Benami and Proxy Ownership An overseas Pakistani remits funds and buys property in the name of a sibling, spouse or friend for convenience. Years later, the named holder denies the arrangement. The Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 2017 provides a route to challenge such holdings, though the statute carves out genuine exceptions — for example, property held in the name of a spouse or child purchased from the buyer’s own declared sources. Banking trails
Landlord and Tenant Laws in Karachi (Pakistan)
Landlord and tenant laws in Karachi explained by MAJ Legal trusted property and rent case lawyers in Karachi. Few legal disputes are as common, or as bitterly fought, as those between a landlord and a tenant. In a city of more than twenty million people, where a large share of families and businesses live and operate on rented premises, the law of rent touches almost every street. Yet most landlords and tenants in Karachi sign a rent agreement without ever reading the statute that will actually govern their relationship — and then discover, far too late, that the document they relied upon was never going to protect them. This guide from MAJ Legal, widely regarded as one of the best law firms in Karachi for property and rent matters, explains the landlord and tenant laws in Karachi in plain language: the governing legislation, the rights and duties of each side, the lawful grounds of eviction, and exactly how a rent case proceeds before the Rent Controller. If you are a landlord whose tenant has stopped paying, or a tenant facing an unlawful attempt to throw you out, the practical guidance below will tell you where you stand and our top property lawyers in Karachi are available to take it from there. Which Law Governs Rent in Karachi? The principal statute is the Sindh Rented Premises Ordinance, 1979 (commonly abbreviated as the SRPO). It regulates the letting of premises in the urban areas of Sindh, including virtually all of Karachi — Clifton, Defence, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, North Nazimabad, Saddar, Gulistan-e-Johar, Bahadurabad, Korangi, Malir, Lyari and the rest of the metropolitan area. The Ordinance is a special law. That has three consequences which surprise people every single day at our office: Rent disputes do not go to the ordinary civil court. They are filed before the Rent Controller, a specially designated forum with exclusive jurisdiction over rented premises in the area where the property is situated. A landlord cannot recover possession simply because the lease period has ended. He must satisfy the Controller of a ground recognised by the Ordinance. Self-help is unlawful. Changing locks, removing a tenant’s belongings, or disconnecting utilities to force a vacation is not “taking back your own property” — it exposes the landlord to legal consequences. There are two important carve-outs that our best property lawyers in Karachi always check before filing: Cantonment areas. Properties falling within the cantonment limits of Karachi — including Karachi Cantonment, Clifton Cantonment, Faisal Cantonment, Korangi Creek and Malir Cantonment — are governed by the Cantonments Rent Restriction Act, 1963, with its own Rent Controller. Filing in the wrong forum can cost you a year. Registration and stamp requirements. A lease of immovable property from year to year, or for a term exceeding one year, attracts compulsory registration under the Registration Act, 1908, and the instrument must be properly stamped under the stamp law applicable in Sindh. An improperly stamped or unregistered long lease can create serious evidentiary problems. Six key provisions of the Sindh Rented Premises Ordinance, 1979 that every landlord and tenant in Karachi should know. The Rent Agreement: Where Most Cases Are Won or Lost The Ordinance requires the tenancy to be reduced to writing. In practice, this single requirement decides the outcome of a large proportion of rent cases in Karachi. An oral tenancy is not automatically void but it leaves both sides fighting about the most basic facts: what the rent was, when it was due, what the agreed increase was, and whether the premises were let for residential or commercial use. When the parties have no written agreement, the Rent Controller must reconstruct the bargain from receipts, bank transfers, utility bills and witness testimony. That is expensive, slow and unpredictable. Our experience as rent case lawyers in Karachi is blunt: a properly drafted eleven-month or annual rent agreement, correctly stamped and, where required, registered, is the cheapest legal insurance a landlord will ever buy — and the strongest shield a tenant will ever hold. What a Sound Tenancy Agreement Must Contain Ten clauses every rent agreement in Karachi should contain — drafting checklist by MAJ Legal, best property law firm in Karachi. A tenancy agreement drafted by competent counsel will always deal with the following, and will deal with them precisely rather than in boilerplate: Full particulars and CNIC numbers of both landlord and tenant, along with witnesses; An exact description of the demised premises, including floor, portion, parking and any excluded areas; The purpose of the tenancy — residential or commercial — since using premises for a purpose other than that for which they were let is itself a ground of eviction; The monthly rent, the due date, and the mode of payment (bank transfer is strongly preferred over cash, for evidentiary reasons); The advance and security deposit, and the precise conditions and timeline for its refund; The rate and timing of the annual increase in rent, expressed as a percentage and a date; The duration of the tenancy and the mechanism for renewal; Allocation of liability for utility bills, maintenance charges and taxes; Express restrictions on subletting, assignment and structural alterations; The notice period and the circumstances in which either party may terminate. Registration of Tenants with the Police Separately from the civil law, landlords in Karachi are required to register their tenants with the local police station. Sindh Police maintains a tenant registration process for precisely this purpose, and failure to comply can attract penal consequences for the landlord. It is a small administrative step that is regularly overlooked and it is one of the first things a well-advised landlord should complete after handing over possession. Rights and Duties of Landlord and Tenant in Karachi The Ordinance is often described as tenant-protective, and in one narrow sense it is: it removes the landlord’s power to evict at will. But it is more accurate to say the statute is balance-seeking. It secures the tenant’s possession while guaranteeing the landlord’s rent, and it gives each
Wife Maintenance Law in Karachi (Pakistan)
Wife Maintenance Law in Karachi, Pakistan — A Complete Guide by MAJ Legal Introduction: Understanding Your Right to Maintenance Maintenance known in Islamic law as nafqah is not charity. It is not a favour a husband does for his wife. Under both Islamic law and the statutory law of Pakistan, it is a legally enforceable right, and a wife in Karachi who is not being financially supported by her husband can walk into a Family Court and ask a judge to order him to pay. Yet every week, our team at MAJ Legal recognised among the best family law firms in Karachi meets women who have gone months, sometimes years, without a rupee from their husband. Some were told that because they earn their own salary, they cannot claim anything. Some were told that because they left the house after being mistreated, they forfeited their rights. Some were told that a case would take a decade. None of these things are true. This guide explains, in plain language, how wife maintenance law in Karachi (Pakistan) actually works: what the law says, how much a court usually awards, how long a case takes, what documents you need, and how a maintenance decree is enforced when a husband refuses to pay. If you would prefer to discuss your own situation, the best family lawyers in Karachi at MAJ Legal offer confidential consultations. But read this first an informed client is always in a stronger position. What Is “Maintenance” (Nafqah) Under Pakistani Law? Maintenance is the financial support a husband is obliged to provide his wife for the ordinary necessities of life. Under Muslim personal law, this obligation attaches from the moment a valid nikah is performed and continues throughout the subsistence of the marriage and, in specified circumstances, for a period after its dissolution. Maintenance is generally understood to include: Food and household groceries Clothing appropriate to the family’s standard of living Residence — a suitable and secure place to live Medical treatment and necessary healthcare expenses Reasonable incidental and day-to-day expenses Crucially, maintenance is entirely separate from dower (haq mehr). A wife who has received her dower has not thereby been “paid off” for maintenance, and a wife whose dower is still outstanding can claim both in the same proceedings. Confusing the two is one of the most common and most costly mistakes we see in cases handled without proper legal advice. The Legal Framework Governing Maintenance in Karachi Maintenance claims in Karachi are governed by a combination of Islamic personal law and statutory law. The principal instruments are: 1. The West Pakistan Family Courts Act, 1964 (as applicable in Sindh) This is the backbone of family litigation in Karachi. It creates the Family Courts, gives them exclusive jurisdiction over maintenance disputes, and prescribes a simplified, expedited procedure designed to avoid the delays of ordinary civil litigation. 2. The Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961 Section 9 Section 9 provides an alternative route: where a husband fails to maintain his wife adequately, she may apply to the Chairman of the relevant Union Council, who constitutes an Arbitration Council empowered to issue a certificate specifying the amount payable. In modern practice, however, the Family Court route is faster, more robust and far more commonly used — and it is the route our lawyers almost always recommend. 3. The Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939 — Section 2(ii) This provision is significant and widely underused. Where a husband has neglected or failed to provide maintenance for a period of two years, the wife has an independent statutory ground to seek dissolution of the marriage. Non-payment of maintenance is therefore not merely a debt — it can be a basis for ending the marriage itself. 4. Amendments to the Family Courts Act Legislative amendments have significantly strengthened the position of claimants by introducing interim maintenance during the pendency of proceedings, allowing suits to be filed where the wife resides, and requiring courts to dispose of family cases within fixed timelines. For non-Muslim citizens of Pakistan, Family Courts also exercise jurisdiction, with claims determined under the relevant personal law including the Divorce Act, 1869 for Christian citizens and the Hindu Marriage Act, 2017 for Hindu citizens. Who Is Entitled to Claim Maintenance? A wife is entitled to maintenance from her husband where: There is a valid marriage (a registered nikahnama is the strongest proof, though marriage may be established by other evidence); She has not, without lawful justification, refused to perform her marital obligations; and The husband has failed or refused to maintain her adequately. Does a Working Wife Lose Her Right? No. This is perhaps the single most persistent myth in family law practice in Karachi. The superior courts of Pakistan have consistently held that a wife’s own income does not extinguish her husband’s legal obligation to maintain her. A woman who works as a doctor, teacher, banker or entrepreneur retains her right to maintenance. Her income may, in some cases, be a factor the court considers in fixing the quantum — but it is not a bar to the claim. What If the Wife Is Living Separately? Where a wife has been compelled to leave the matrimonial home because of cruelty, physical or emotional abuse, a second marriage contracted without her knowledge, or the husband’s failure to provide a separate and secure residence, her right to maintenance continues. The law does not require a woman to endure mistreatment as the price of financial support. Conversely, where a wife withdraws from her husband’s society without lawful excuse, the husband may raise this as a defence. Whether the excuse is lawful is a question of fact and evidence — which is precisely why the quality of your legal representation matters. Our team at MAJ Legal, widely regarded among the top family lawyers in Karachi, builds these cases on documentary and testimonial evidence from the very first hearing. How Much Maintenance Will the Court Award? There is no fixed statutory formula and no published table of
How to File a Khula or Divorce Case in Karachi, Pakistan (2026)
How to File Khula or Divorce in Karachi: Legal Guide by the Best Family Law Firm in Karachi (2026) Ending a marriage is rarely an easy decision, and in Karachi, most people going through it have little idea where to start, what documents they need, or how long the process will actually take. Whether you are a wife seeking khula or a husband proceeding with talaq, the legal route runs through the Family Court, and getting the paperwork and procedure right from day one makes a real difference in how smoothly the case moves. This guide walks through everything you need to know about filing khula or divorce in Karachi, the documents required, timelines, and what happens to maintenance, mehr, and custody along the way. Khula vs Talaq: Understanding the Difference Before filing anything, it helps to understand which legal route applies to your situation, since the process differs depending on who is initiating the separation. Talaq is the husband’s right to pronounce divorce. Under the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961, a husband who pronounces talaq must give written notice to the Union Council (Arbitration Council), which then attempts reconciliation for a period before the divorce becomes legally effective. Khula is the wife’s right to seek dissolution of the marriage through the Family Court, even without the husband’s consent, when she can no longer continue the marriage within the limits prescribed by Islamic law. Pakistani courts have consistently held that khula is an independent right of the wife and is not contingent on the husband agreeing to it. If the wife establishes that reconciliation is not possible, the court can grant khula, generally on the condition that she returns the haq mehr she received, though courts can waive this in certain circumstances, such as cases involving abuse or where the mehr was never actually paid. Both routes ultimately end the marriage, but the procedural starting point, the party who initiates it, and certain financial consequences differ, which is why it matters to identify the correct legal category before drafting a petition. Grounds Recognized by Family Courts in Karachi Karachi family courts do not require a wife to prove fault against the husband to obtain khula. The essential legal question is whether the marriage has broken down to the point that living together within the bounds of Islam is no longer possible. Common grounds cited in khula petitions include: Persistent domestic disputes or incompatibility Financial neglect or failure to provide maintenance Domestic violence or emotional abuse Prolonged separation Second marriage without consent, where relevant Loss of trust or affection between spouses Courts generally focus less on assigning blame and more on determining whether reconciliation is realistic. Where the wife firmly states that continuing the marriage is not possible, courts are reluctant to compel her to remain in it. Step-by-Step Khula Filing Process in Karachi Step 1: Consultation and Case Assessment Before filing, a family lawyer reviews the marriage certificate (nikahnama), any prior correspondence between the spouses, and the specific circumstances of the marriage to determine the strongest legal grounds and identify whether related matters such as custody, maintenance, or dowry recovery should be filed alongside the khula suit. Step 2: Drafting and Filing the Khula Suit The suit is drafted with complete supporting documents, known as annexures, and filed before the Family Court having jurisdiction over the area where the marriage took place or where the wife currently resides. A properly drafted petition with accurate names, addresses, and a clear factual timeline reduces the chances of objections or delays at later hearings. Step 3: Court Notice to the Husband Once the suit is registered, the court issues a notice to the husband, requiring him to appear and respond. If the husband cannot be located, the court can permit substituted service, such as publication of the notice in a newspaper, so the case can move forward even when the husband is abroad or avoiding service. Step 4: Reconciliation Proceedings Family courts in Pakistan are required to make an attempt at reconciliation between the spouses before proceeding further. This is usually a brief formal step rather than a prolonged mediation process, particularly where the wife has clearly stated her position. Step 5: Recording of Statements and Evidence If reconciliation fails, the court proceeds to record the statements of both parties. The wife is generally required to reaffirm on oath that she cannot continue the marriage within the limits of Islam. Any relevant evidence regarding maintenance, mehr, or conduct during the marriage is also placed on record at this stage. Step 6: Decree of Khula Once the court is satisfied, it passes a decree dissolving the marriage. The decree typically addresses the return of haq mehr, unless waived, and may also deal with related claims such as dowry articles or outstanding maintenance, depending on what was raised in the petition. Step 7: Iddat Period After the khula decree, the wife observes the iddat period, generally three menstrual cycles or three lunar months, before the divorce is treated as final for purposes of remarriage. She remains entitled to maintenance during this period. Step 8: Union Council Registration The decree is sent to the relevant Union Council for registration, after which the divorce becomes part of the official record and a divorce certificate can be obtained. Documents Required to File Khula in Karachi Original or certified copy of the nikahnama CNIC copies of both spouses Marriage photographs, if available Any written communication supporting the grounds for khula Proof of address for jurisdiction purposes Details of children, if custody is to be addressed in the same petition Any evidence related to dowry, maintenance, or domestic abuse, where relevant Incomplete documentation is one of the most common reasons cases face repeated hearings and unnecessary delay. Karachi’s family courts carry a heavy daily caseload, and a cleanly prepared file moves through the system far more efficiently than one that requires repeated amendments. How Long Does Khula Take in Karachi? Most khula cases in Karachi conclude within three to
FIA Cyber Crime Complaint in Karachi (Pakistan)
How to File an FIA Cyber Crime Complaint in Karachi: Complete Legal Guide (2026) Cybercrime cases in Karachi have risen sharply over the past few years, ranging from financial fraud and SIM swap scams to online harassment, blackmail, and hacking. Victims often do not know where to report these crimes, what evidence to collect, or how the legal process actually works. This guide explains, step by step, how to file a cybercrime complaint in Karachi, what law governs these offences, and why having the right legal representation can make the difference between a complaint that goes nowhere and one that leads to arrest, recovery, and conviction. A Quick Update Before You Begin: FIA Cyber Crime Wing Has Been Replaced by NCCIA Most people in Karachi still search for “FIA cyber crime complaint” because, for years, the Federal Investigation Agency’s Cyber Crime Wing (operating through the National Response Centre for Cyber Crime, NR3C) was the only authority handling these matters. That has changed. The Government of Pakistan established the National Cyber Crime Investigation Agency (NCCIA) as an independent body under Section 51 of the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, 2016 (PECA). The NCCIA became fully operational and took over cybercrime investigations from the FIA Cyber Crime Wing. If you file your complaint through old FIA cybercrime channels, it will simply be redirected to NCCIA, costing you valuable time in a case where speed often determines whether digital evidence can still be recovered. For practical purposes, when people in Karachi say “FIA cyber crime complaint,” they now mean a complaint filed with the NCCIA Cyber Crime Reporting Centre. The legal framework (PECA 2016), the offences covered, and the investigation process remain largely the same; only the name and structure of the investigating authority has changed. What Counts as Cyber Crime Under Pakistani Law PECA 2016 is the primary legislation covering digital offences in Pakistan. The most commonly reported offences in Karachi include: Online financial fraud — fake investment platforms, OTP theft, unauthorized bank transfers, fraudulent online transactions Cyber harassment and blackmail — threats, intimidation, or coercion carried out through calls, messages, or social media Unauthorized use of personal images or videos — sharing, editing, or threatening to release private photos or videos without consent Identity theft and SIM fraud — SIMs issued fraudulently against someone’s CNIC, or impersonation on social media and messaging apps Hacking and unauthorized access — breaking into email accounts, social media profiles, bank portals, or company systems Defamation and fake profiles — creating fake accounts or pages to damage someone’s reputation Cyberterrorism and offences against the state, which carry far more severe penalties Each of these falls under a specific section of PECA, and the wording of your complaint should reference the correct section. This is one area where a lawyer familiar with cyber law in Karachi adds real value — a poorly framed complaint can delay or weaken an otherwise strong case. Step-by-Step Process to File a Complaint in Karachi Step 1: Preserve Your Evidence First Before filing anything, secure every piece of digital evidence connected to the incident: Screenshots of messages, posts, profiles, or transactions, including the date, time, and URL where visible Bank statements or transaction IDs for financial fraud cases Call recordings or voice messages, if available The phone number, email address, or account/profile link of the person involved Any SMS confirmation showing an unauthorized SIM or account linked to your CNIC Evidence such as franchise CCTV footage is often deleted within 30 to 90 days, and certain records require a formal request from the investigating agency. Reporting quickly protects this evidence before it disappears. Step 2: File the Complaint Online or in Person You have three practical options in Karachi: Online complaint portal — submit your complaint through the official NCCIA complaint portal, attaching your evidence and a written description of the incident in English or Urdu. NCCIA Karachi office — visit the Cyber Crime Reporting Centre in person, located near Darul Sehat Hospital, Gulistan-e-Johar, Karachi. This office also functions as the Director (South) office, covering Sindh. Helpline — call the toll-free NCCIA helpline at 1799, or the office line +92-51-9106691, for guidance before filing. Your complaint should include your full name, CNIC number, contact details, a clear chronological account of what happened, and the names, numbers, or profile links connected to the offence. Complaints submitted anonymously are generally not entertained, since verification of identity is part of the registration process. Step 3: Verification and FIR Registration Once submitted, the agency typically verifies the complaint within 14 days. If the evidence supports a criminal offence under PECA, the complaint is registered formally, and an investigating officer is assigned. In cases involving clear financial loss or identifiable harm, this can lead to registration of a First Information Report (FIR), which gives the agency formal legal authority to summon records, trace devices, and pursue the accused. Step 4: Investigation The assigned officer has up to 90 days to complete the investigation, though straightforward harassment cases with strong evidence are often resolved faster, while financial fraud cases involving multiple banks or cross-border transfers can take several months. During this period, the agency may request subscriber data from telecom operators, transaction records from banks, or device forensics from the accused’s phone or computer. Step 5: Keep Your Reference Number and Follow Up After filing, you will receive a complaint reference number. Save this number; you will need it for every follow-up call, email, or visit, and banks or insurance companies will often ask for it if you are pursuing recovery of stolen funds. Do You Need a Lawyer to File a Cyber Crime Complaint? Technically, no any citizen can file a complaint directly without legal representation. In practice, legal assistance becomes important in several situations: The case involves a significant financial loss and you need to pursue recovery alongside the criminal complaint You are dealing with blackmail or harassment and want urgent intervention, including possible action before the Social Media Protection Tribunal The accused is unknown,
Scope of Sections 22-A and 22-B of the CrPC in Pakistan: Protection and Lodgement of FIR
Scope of Sections 22-A and 22-B of the CrPC in Pakistan: Protection and Lodgement of FIR In Pakistan, the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) serves as the backbone of the criminal justice system, ensuring that justice is accessible and rights are protected. Among its various provisions, Sections 22-A and 22-B hold particular importance in addressing issues related to the registration of First Information Reports (FIRs). These sections empower individuals to take action when law enforcement agencies fail to act on complaints, thereby playing a crucial role in safeguarding civil rights, especially in urban centers like Karachi. This article delves into the details of these provisions, their significance, and best practices for individuals seeking justice. What is an FIR? A First Information Report (FIR) is the initial step in the criminal justice process in Pakistan. It serves as a written document prepared by the police when they receive information about a cognizable offense—one that allows police to act without a warrant. An FIR is critical for several reasons: Initiation of Investigation: It signals the police to begin an inquiry into the allegations. Legal Documentation: Acts as an official account of the complaint, which can be pivotal in legal proceedings. Accountability: Ensures that police are held responsible for acting on or dismissing complaints. Understanding the importance of FIRs is vital for anyone looking to navigate the criminal justice system in Pakistan effectively. Section 22-A CrPC: Registration of FIR Overview Section 22-A of the CrPC is a revolutionary provision aimed at combating police inaction. It empowers victims or their family members to approach a magistrate if police refuse to register their FIR. Key Features: Access to Justice: This section ensures that individuals have the legal means to seek justice when the police fail to act, making it easier for victims of crimes to have their cases heard. Judicial Oversight: A Session’s Judge / Ex-Officio Justice of Peace can direct the police to register the FIR, thereby reinforcing the judiciary’s role in overseeing police conduct. Protection Against Abuse: Provides a mechanism for accountability, ensuring victims are not left without recourse. Process of Lodging a Complaint Under Section 22-A: Documentation: It is essential to collect all relevant evidence and documentation relating to the alleged crime. Prepare an Application: A formal application must be prepared clearly stating the circumstances under which the FIR is not being registered. Approach the Ex-Officio Justice of Peace / Sessions Judge: Visit the relevant Session’s Judge court, where the application can be submitted. The Session Judge reviews the application and can issue directions to the police regarding the matter. Importance in Karachi: In Karachi, a sprawling metropolis with diverse socio-economic challenges, Section 22-A is particularly crucial. High crime rates and allegations of police inaction highlight the need for citizens to have effective legal recourse. By empowering individuals, this section promotes trust in the legal system and encourages reporting of crimes. Section 22-B CrPC: Direction for Investigation Overview Section 22-B complements Section 22-A by allowing an individual to seek judicial intervention if they believe that the police investigation into their registered FIR is inadequate or flawed. Key Features: Judicial Remedies: This provision allows victims to petition a court if they feel that the investigation is not being conducted thoroughly. Safeguarding Rights: Ensures that victims are not left helpless in navigating police procedures and that their concerns regarding the investigation can be formally raised and addressed. How to Utilize Section 22-B Effectively: Serve as Follow-Up: After lodging an FIR, if the investigation appears stagnant or insufficient, document your concerns. File an Application: Submit an application to the magistrate detailing specific inadequacies in the police investigation. Evidence Submission: Provide any additional evidence or information that supports your claim and may influence a more diligent police inquiry. Relevance in Urban Contexts: Especially in Karachi, where police resources may be spread thin, Section 22-B can be a vital tool for ensuring vigorous investigations. Consequently, it plays an essential role in maintaining public confidence in law enforcement and the judiciary. Role of Legal Experts and Best Practices Why Legal Representation Matters: Engaging with expert criminal lawyers in Karachi is crucial when navigating the complexities of Sections 22-A and 22-B. A qualified lawyer can offer: Expert Guidance: Ensuring that all procedural steps are correctly followed. Effective Advocacy: Representing victims’ interests effectively in court and during interactions with police. Resource Accessibility: Providing access to resources and support networks that can aid in the pursuit of justice. Selecting the Best Criminal Lawyers in Karachi: When choosing legal representation, consider the following: Experience: Ensure your lawyer has a solid track record in handling FIRs and criminal cases. Knowledge of Local Laws: Familiarity with local judicial practices and police procedures is vital. Client Testimonials: Look for reviews and feedback from previous clients to gauge their trustworthiness and effectiveness. Conclusion Navigating the legal framework surrounding FIRs in Pakistan is crucial for individuals seeking justice. Sections 22-A and 22-B of the CrPC empower citizens to take charge when law enforcement agencies falter. By understanding these provisions and working with skilled legal professionals, victims can ensure that their rights are protected and that justice is pursued effectively. At MAJ LEGAL, we take pride in being one of the best law firms in Karachi. Our dedicated and skilled team is committed to upholding the rights of individuals and ensuring access to justice. If you find yourself facing challenges in lodging an FIR or navigating a police investigation, we are here to assist you. Don’t hesitate to contact us for a consultation. Frequently Asked Questions about 22-A and B under Cr.Pc 1. What should I do if the police refuse to register my FIR? If the police refuse to register your FIR, you can approach a Ex-Officio Justice of Peace / Sessions Judge of concerned Jurisdiction to file an application under Section 22-A of the CrPC, compelling the police to register your case. MAJ LEGAL offers expert legal support for navigating the complexities of FIR procedures and investigations. 2. Can I challenge a police investigation if I